The Ottoman Empire, also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey, was an Islamic empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 as an imperial monarchy, or July 24, 1923 de jure, as a state. It was succeeded by the Republic of Turkey, officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923.
Ottoman artillery was famous for the size of its cannon and their number, from the highly mobile antipersonnel Abus gun to the massive Great Turkish Bombard. As late as 1809 massive stone-firing guns were used with some effect against British ships during the Dardanelles Operation, throwing 800-pound marble cannon balls which were able to sheer off a main mast of a ship of the line.
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